岳飞的一生行迹（1103-1142）
岳飞（1103-1142），字鹏举，相州汤阴（今河南汤阴）人，南宋抗金名将、民族英雄。少时务农，从军后屡立战功，创立岳家军，威震金邦。金人叹曰"撼山易，撼岳家军难"。然为秦桧以"莫须有"之罪陷害，冤死风波亭，年仅三十九。后追谥武穆、鄂王。
汤阴（1103） · 汤阴少年
宋徽宗崇宁二年（1103年），岳飞出生于相州汤阴（今河南汤阴）永和乡孝悌里。传说出生时黄河决口，其母姚氏抱他坐于大瓮中漂流得免。少年家贫，力能挽弓三百斤，从周同习武，又嗜读《左传》《孙子兵法》等书。
建康（1129） · 从军报国
宋高宗建炎三年（1129年），金兵大举南侵，杜充弃建康（今南京）而逃，岳飞率部苦战，于建康城外清水亭大败金兵。此为岳飞首次独立指挥大捷，崭露头角，建康光复后他受命镇守江防要地。
鄂州（1134） · 岳家铁军
宋高宗绍兴四年（1134年），岳飞率军收复襄阳六郡，以鄂州（今武汉武昌）为大本营，创立岳家军。此后数年，他以此地为根基，练兵屯田，岳家军军纪严明，"冻死不拆屋，饿死不掳掠"，百姓争相归附。
郾城（1140） · 北伐中原
宋高宗绍兴十年（1140年），岳飞挥师北伐，大败金兀术于郾城（今河南漯河）。金军以"铁浮图"重甲骑兵冲击，岳飞命步卒以麻扎刀专砍马足，大破之。郾城大捷后，岳飞进兵朱仙镇，距故都汴京仅四十五里，收复中原指日可待。
朱仙镇（1140） · 北伐中原
宋高宗绍兴十年（1140年），岳飞进至朱仙镇，距汴京四十五里。金兀术已准备北逃，然而朝廷连下十二道金牌催令班师。岳飞痛哭"十年之功，毁于一旦"，被迫南撤。收复中原的千载良机，就此断送。
临安（入狱）（1141） · 风波冤狱
宋高宗绍兴十一年（1141年），秦桧以"莫须有"之罪诬陷岳飞谋反，将其逮捕入狱。岳飞在狱中写下"天日昭昭，天日昭昭"八字以明心迹。万俟卨等人严刑逼供，岳飞始终不屈。
临安（风波亭）（1142） · 风波冤狱
宋高宗绍兴十二年（1142年）除夕，岳飞被害于临安大理寺风波亭，年仅三十九岁。同时遇害者尚有长子岳云及部将张宪。岳飞临终前写下"天日昭昭，天日昭昭"八字绝笔，至死不屈。直至孝宗朝方得平反，追谥武穆。
杭州岳王庙（1142） · 风波冤狱
宋高宗绍兴十二年（1142年），岳飞被害后，狱卒隗顺冒死将其遗体背出，偷偷葬于杭州西湖栖霞岭旁九曲丛祠。此后岳飞冤魂不散，忠义之气凝聚于此。后孝宗朝平反昭雪，以礼改葬，追谥武穆，墓前建岳王庙，千秋祭祀，成为中华民族忠义精神的永恒象征。
The Life Journey of Yue Fei, the Loyal Hero
Yue Fei (1103-1142), courtesy name Pengju, was a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou (present-day Tangyin, Henan). A legendary general of the Southern Song and a national hero of China, he founded the rigorously disciplined Yue Family Army that struck terror into the Jin invaders — 'It is easier to shake a mountain than to shake Yue's army,' the enemy lamented. Framed by the treacherous minister Qin Hui on trumped-up charges of 'perhaps there is' treason, he died a wrongful death at Fengbo Pavilion at only thirty-nine, later posthumously honored as Prince of E (E'wang) and revered for eight centuries as the very embodiment of loyalty.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1103 · 汤阴 — Born in Tangyin to a farming family during a Yellow River flood; by his teens he could draw a 300-jin bow and pored over the Zuo Commentary and Sun Tzu's Art of War.
- 1129 · 建康 — Fought off the Jin outside Jiankang (Nanjing) at Qingshui Pavilion — his first great independent victory, winning him command of the river defenses.
- 1134 · 鄂州 — Recovered the six prefectures of Xiangyang and made Ezhou (Wuhan) his base, founding the Yue Family Army whose code — 'freeze to death, never loot' — won the people's hearts.
- 1140 · 郾城 — Shattered the Jin 'Iron Pagoda' heavy cavalry at Yancheng with infantry wielding hemp-bound blades, then drove to Zhuxianzhen, a mere forty-five li from the old capital.
- 1140 · 朱仙镇 — With the recovery of the north finally within reach, twelve gold-plaque edicts forced his retreat — 'Ten years of effort, destroyed in a single day,' he wept.
- 1141 · 临安（入狱） — Arrested in Lin'an on fabricated treason charges; under torture he wrote only 'Heaven sees clearly, Heaven sees clearly' to proclaim his innocence.
- 1142 · 临安（风波亭） — Put to death at Fengbo Pavilion on New Year's Eve of 1142, aged thirty-nine, together with his son Yue Yun and general Zhang Xian.
- 1142 · 杭州岳王庙 — His body was secretly buried by a sympathetic jailer beside West Lake; rehabilitated under Emperor Xiaozong, his temple at Hangzhou remains an eternal shrine of loyalty.
Yue Fei's life traced an arc from the farmsteads of Tangyin to the walls of Kaifeng's outskirts — victory within grasp, then betrayal. His ci poems, above all 'Man Jiang Hong' (The River All Red), fuse martial valor with lyrical depth, and his name has become the Chinese language's shorthand for loyalty itself.
