张玉娘的一生行迹（1250-1277）
张玉娘，字若琼，自号一贞居士，松阳（今浙江松阳）人，南宋著名女词人。才情绝代，与侍女紫娥、霜娥并称"三贞"。因恋人沈佺早逝，郁郁而终，年仅约二十八岁。著有《兰雪集》，词风凄婉清丽，与李清照、朱淑真并称。
松阳（1250） · 松阳闺秀
宋理宗淳祐十年前后，张玉娘出生于处州松阳（今浙江松阳），其家为当地仕宦之家。玉娘自幼聪慧，博通经史，工诗词，善绘画，尤善音律。少女时代在松阳山水间度过，才名远播。
处州（1255） · 松阳闺秀
宋理宗宝祐三年前后，少年张玉娘随父赴处州府城（今浙江丽水），在府学中旁听讲学。处州山水清丽，她在此初识唐宋诗词之妙，开始系统地学习格律音韵，为日后的词创作打下了坚实的基础。
丽水（1263） · 松阳闺秀
宋理宗景定四年前后，张玉娘随家人游历丽水南明山、瓯江等名胜。丽水山水甲于处州，玉娘在瓯江畔写下了不少纪游诗词，诗风渐趋成熟。瓯江的烟波与南明山的云雾，成为她词中常见的意象。
松阳（1268） · 才子佳人
宋度宗咸淳四年前后，张玉娘与表兄沈佺相恋，二人青梅竹马，情投意合。沈佺才学出众，两家早有婚约。两人常以诗词传情，留下了许多动人的唱和之作。
杭州（1271） · 恋人远别
宋度宗咸淳七年前后，张玉娘随家人赴临安（今杭州）探亲。她在西湖畔流连忘返，写下了数首咏西湖之作。杭州的繁华与西湖的秀美令她印象深刻，但心中始终牵挂远在松阳的沈佺。
松阳（1272） · 恋人远别
宋度宗咸淳八年前后，沈佺赴京应试，与玉娘依依惜别。玉娘写下了大量离愁词作，其中以《浣溪沙》最为动人。沈佺此去经年，玉娘日夜思念，形容渐瘦。
松阳（1275） · 痛失所爱
宋恭帝德祐元年前后，沈佺在归途中病逝，年仅二十余岁。噩耗传来，张玉娘如五雷轰顶，痛不欲生。她写下了大量悼亡之作，字字含泪，句句带血。
松阳（1277） · 殉情而终
宋端景炎二年前后，张玉娘在沈佺去世两年后郁郁而终，年仅约二十八岁。侍女紫娥、霜娥也随之抑郁而亡，三人合葬一处，后人称为"三贞墓"。她的《兰雪集》由家人整理刊行，流传后世。
The Life Journey of Zhang Yuniang, the Orchid-Snow Poetess
Zhang Yuniang (c. 1250-1277), courtesy name Ruoqiong, self-styled 'Yizhen Jushi,' was a native of Songyang (present-day Songyang, Zhejiang) and a remarkable woman poet of the late Southern Song. Of matchless talent — she shared renown with her maids Zi'e and Shuang'e as the 'Three Pure Ones' — she was betrothed to the young scholar Shen Quan; when he died on his way home, she wasted away of grief at about twenty-eight. Her Orchid-Snow Collection, plaintive and luminous, ranks her with Li Qingzhao and Zhu Shuzhen.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1250 · 松阳 — Born to an official family in Songyang; versed in the classics, painting and music, her fame spread early through the hills of Chuzhou.
- 1255 · 处州 — As a girl she studied at the prefectural school in Chuzhou, where Tang and Song masters first taught her the discipline of meter and rhyme.
- 1263 · 丽水 — Traveling the scenic streams of Lishui — South Bright Mountain, the Ou River — she matured into a poet whose images still breathe that mist.
- 1268 · 松阳 — Fell in love with her betrothed cousin Shen Quan, the pair exchanging verses that still read like breath itself.
- 1271 · 杭州 — Visiting Hangzhou with her family, she lingered by West Lake — dazzled, yet homesick for Songyang and for him.
- 1272 · 松阳 — When Shen Quan left for the examinations, her parting verses — the 'Huan Xi Sha' above all — charted a heart wearing thin with longing.
- 1275 · 松阳 — News came of Shen Quan's death on the journey home; her elegies, word by word, were written in tears.
- 1277 · 松阳 — Two years later she followed him in death, aged about twenty-eight; her maids pined away after her, and the three share one grave — the 'Tomb of the Three Pure Ones' — while her Orchid-Snow Collection survived.
Zhang Yuniang's twenty-eight years compressed a whole repertoire of feeling — spring hope, parting, widowhood, devotion. 'The orchid withers, the snow of her name stays white': her collection rescues from oblivion one of China's tenderest voices.
